All About Paraguay

Paraguay is a large landlocked country located on the Rio Paraguay in South America. It is bordered to the south and southwest by Argentina, to the east and northeast by Brazil, and to the northwest by Bolivia. Paraguay is also located in the center of South America and as such, it is sometimes called the Corazon de America, or Heart of America. Fast Facts: Paraguay Official Name: Republic of ParaguayCapital: AsuncionPopulation: 7,025,763 (2018)Official Language(s): Spanish, Guarani  Currency: Guarani (PYG)Form of Government: Presidential republicClimate: Subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far westTotal Area: 157,047 square miles (406,752 square kilometers)Highest Point: Cerro Pero at 2,762 feet (842 meters)  Lowest Point: Junction of Rio Paraguay and Rio Parana at 151 feet (46 meters) History of Paraguay The earliest inhabitants of Paraguay were semi-nomadic tribes that spoke Guarani. In 1537, Asuncion, Paraguays modern capital, was founded by Juan de Salazar, a Spanish explorer. Shortly thereafter, the area became a Spanish colonial province, of which Asuncion was the capital. In 1811 though, Paraguay overthrew the local Spanish government and declared its independence. After its independence, Paraguay went through a number of different leaders and from 1864–1870, it was engaged in the War of the Triple Alliance against Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. During that war, Paraguay lost half of its population. Brazil then occupied Paraguay until 1874. Beginning in 1880, the Colorado Party controlled Paraguay until 1904. In that year, the Liberal Party took control and ruled until 1940.During the 1930s and 1940s, Paraguay was unstable due to the Chaco War with Bolivia and a period of unstable dictatorships. In 1954, General Alfredo Stroessner took power and ruled Paraguay for 35 years, during which time the countrys people had few freedoms. In 1989, Stroessner was overthrown and General Andres Rodriguez took power. During his time in power, Rodriguez focused on political and economic reforms and built relationships with foreign nations. In 1992, Paraguay adopted a constitution with goals of maintaining a democratic government and protecting peoples rights. In 1993, Juan Carlos Wasmosy became Paraguays first civilian president in many years. The late 1990s and early 2000s were again dominated by political instability after attempted government overthrows, the assassination of the vice president, and impeachments. In 2003, Nicanor Duarte Frutos was elected as president with goals of improving Paraguays economy, which he did significantly during his time in office. In 2008, Fernando Lugo was elected and his main goals, are reducing government corruption and economic inequalities. Government of Paraguay Paraguay, which is officially called the Republic of Paraguay, is considered a constitutional republic with an executive branch made up of a chief of state and head of government—both of which are filled by the president. Paraguays legislative branch has a bicameral National Congress consisting of the Chamber of Senators and the Chamber of Deputies. Members of both chambers are elected by popular vote. The judicial branch is comprised of the Supreme Court of Justice, with judges appointed by the Council of Magistrates. Paraguay is also divided into 17 departments for local administration. Economics and Land Use in Paraguay Paraguays economy is a market one focused on the re-export of imported consumer goods. Street vendors and agriculture also play a large role and in the countrys rural areas the population often practices subsistence agriculture. Paraguays main agricultural products are cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava, fruits, vegetables, beef, pork, eggs, milk, and timber. Its largest industries are sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, metallurgic, and electricity. Geography and Climate of Paraguay Paraguays topography consists of grassy plains and low wooded hills east of its main river, the Rio Paraguay, while the Chaco region west of the river consists of low marshy plains. Farther from the river the landscape is dominated by dry forests, scrub, and jungles in some locations. Eastern Paraguay, between the Rio Paraguay and the Rio Parana, features higher elevations and it is where most of the countrys population is clustered. The climate of Paraguay is considered subtropical to temperate, depending on ones location within the country. In the eastern area,  there is significant rainfall, while in the far west it is semiarid. More Facts About Paraguay †¢ The official languages of Paraguay are Spanish and Guarani.†¢ Life expectancy in Paraguay is 73 years for males and 78 years for females.†¢ Paraguays population is almost entirely located in the southern part of the country.†¢ There is no official data on Paraguays ethnic breakdown because the Department of Statistics, Surveys, and Censuses does not ask questions about race and ethnicity in its surveys. Sources Central Intelligence Agency. .CIA - The World Factbook - ParaguayInfoplease.com. Paraguay: .History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.comUnited States Department of State. U.S. Relations With Paraguay.

Historical And Cultural Values Of Heritage - 1149 Words

The second reason why the sense of nostalgia is not necessary in heritage industry is that economic pressure in the museum can affect the authenticity of the past in the museum. With the development of industrial heritage nowadays, heritage industry has been an essential aspect of the economic foundation in some countries. An increasing number of precious historical places are repaired and protected, which because not only the historical and cultural values of heritage are meaningful, but also because visiting heritage can raise people’s awareness to recognize the value of historical places and preserve them. In order to attract more visitors, heritages are often promoted as tourist attractions. Actually, at the same time, heritage†¦show more content†¦The objectivity and authenticity of history about industrial heritage might be affected negatively. In short, according to analyze the interpretation in National Coal Mining Museum for England in Britain, it seems that a view of nostalgia is the theme of interpretation in the industrial heritage, even in the whole society. The objects and buildings of coal industry has become industrial heritage of coal in Britain. These are three main requirements for nostalgia. Firstly, the sense of nostalgia is easier to appear in Western Countries because of their linear and secular sense of time. Secondly, the glorious history such as in Industrial Revolution, Victorian Britain and the development of deindustrialization cause the social and economic difference between the past and present, which gives rise to a feeling of discontent and disappointment for the present generation. Last but not least, the industrial heritage and the collections from the past are available. These three conditions can bring about the sense of nostalgia in the museum. However, it cannot be deny is that nostalgia oft en influences the authenticity and objectivity of history. First, in terms of individuals, the sense of nostalgia might be partial recalled for the elders because they concentrate on the objects and interpretation what they have experiences or they are interested in. For young generation, since the history they remember is narrative by their parents,

Risk Management for Infrastructure and Equipment- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theRisk Management for Infrastructure and Equipment. Answer: Introduction The study is based on the development of the risk management system for a new company which has not yet stated its operations. It should be focusing on the broader view and knowledge on the risk management system. It should also be describing the features of risk management system have it in order to develop comprehensive RMS for the new company to flourish in the future and for developing sustainability in the business (Freeman et al. 2013). It should also be evaluating the different types of business risk issues which should be highlighted in the study. It is also trying to focus on the development of the mitigation strategies for the business risk issues to be evaluated for the study as well. The new company which is selected for the study is Impressive Rail. The company is basically setting up the interstate rail passenger operations in Australia. The operation of the company should be including a fleet of second hand locomotives and the passenger carriages. It also contains the major maintenance facilities and the offices and passenger handling facilities at the capital city railway stations. The trains should be operating he scheduled services and all the facilities, the infrastructure, equipment and the track access will be leased. Concept of Risk Management System The risk management system is basically the system which is useful in order to identify and assess the relevant risks associated with any project or with the company under study (Mahboob et al. 2015). The risk management system is also defined as the system which contains the activities like the policy making, safety, decision making for the identification and the management of the risks or business issues evaluated from the study. According to Van der Schaaf Lucas and Hale (2013) risk management system is the system which is useful in controlling and managing the possible risk identified and assessed by the top management of the company in the development of the RMS. A risk management system has basically two components which involves the risk assessment and the risk management. The risk assessment is basically similar to the safety assessment which is the element of the risk analysis and the risk assessment as well. These are the terms which could be alternatively used. The risk as sessment is basically useful in gaining ideas of the inputs to be given along with the decision making to be made easy for the risk managers working on a particular project decided by a company (Hopkin 2017). This will help in making the decision makers to become much more logical and informed before taking any kind of decisions. From this section it is summarized that there has been then different definitions of risk management system were assessed and evaluated. It is also summarized that the importance of the risk management system were evaluated in this section as well. It also summarizes that how the decision makers use the risk management system in order to make effective decisions. Features of Risk Management System Developed The main elements of a risk management system has been depicted below Risk Analysis- This is the method by which the risks are examined in a detailed manner which includes the quantification of the risks associated with any project. This ensures that the risks are determined to the extent, the how the components of the risks are related with each other and which are the prioritized risks to be ensured as well. The sub elements of the risk assessment could be the preparation for the risk analysis, the process for the analysis of the risks and conclusion. Risk Analysis- The risk analysis is the component which is varied from simple to complex. The risk analysis is composed of five sub stages which involve the system definition, identification of risks, the exposure to the results after analysis, the likelihood of risks and the last is the estimation of risks. Conclusion and Recommendations- In this stage there is the synthesis of the information to be done on the main risks involved including the consequences and the type of risks identified, the causes and the factors influencing the risks and the estimated risks as well. Phase 2 Risk Evaluation The risk evaluation is composed of the different sub stages. In the first stage there is the development of the risk evaluation criteria. The second stage should be the comparison of the estimated risks against the risk criteria. The next step should be the prioritizing of the risks to be included. The next could be the proposal for the risk management measures or the strategies. From this section it is summarized that the components of the risk management system has been evaluated. It is also summarizing the different stages involved in the development of the risk management system. It summarizes the key stages of RMS which includes the risk analysis and the risk evaluation. It summarizes the key sub stages of the risk analysis and the risk evaluation as well which is important for the assessment and managing of the risks involved with any project. Description of the business risk issues It is important to understand the fact that risk management system is developed in order to identify any business issues or the risks associated with a project. In this study the project is basically the development of the risk management system for setting up of the interstate rail passenger operations in Australia. So the main idea of developing the RMS is to identify and assess the types of risks involved in developing the rail passenger operations. The description of the different business risks has depicted below Safety Issues- The safety issue is considered as one of the most important issues connected with rail. The new company Impressive Rail should be concerned with the safety issues of the passengers travelling interstate in the second hand locomotives and the passenger carriages used by the company. It is seen that there are numerous and repetitive train accidents to be taken place in rail. The accidents and falling of the trains from the tracks has been the most common safety issues which has been experienced both by the top management of the company as well the passengers travelling in the passenger carriages. The next safety issue which is highlighted could be the using of the materials for the development of the tracks. The tracks are important in providing the highest safety to the passengers. So it is quite obvious that the tracks are developed with high quality and superior technology in order to reduce the accidents and derailments of the trains (Loosemore et al. 2012). The next safety issue will be the lack of infrastructure built for the travelling of the trains from one place to the other on tracks. The next safety issue could be the use of inflammables while moving on trains from one point to the other by the passengers. The issue coming from the use of dangerous and explosive materials moving through trains is also one of the most highlighted issues. Economic Risks- It is import at to develop the fact that there is the need of the roper and estimated budget to be developed for the development of the risk management system. The low and non estimated budget could increases the priority and likelihood of the risks involved. OHS Risks- The other common issue which is brought up for the rail operations could be the OHS risk. The occupational health and safety risk is very much common in rail operations. There are often incidents of death cases like running down by trains of the workers or staffs working in maintenance of the tracks (Glendon Clarke and McKenna 2016). There are often cases of accidents where the passengers could work over the tracks could lead to severe injuries or even death for them as well. The next OHS risk could be the level of trespassers and the level crossings and there have been the risks of accidents and severe injuries for the staffs working over there (McNeil Frey and Embrechts 2015). There are serious injuries to be found for the trespassers as well which is under the category of OHS risk. The risk to the high voltage electricity, the use of the heavy machineries and equipments in lifting as well as moving on tracks could lead to accidents and injuries for the rail staffs (Ersh ov and Zavialova 2017). The poor working conditions for the maintenance staffs along with the rail workers. The working on tracks at night sometimes leads to occupational hazards in rail operations. The other OHS risks could be the slips and trips of the rail workers while working on tracks are the issues which have been highlighted in the study. Regulatory and Compliance Risks- The other major issue which is highlighted in the study could be the regulatory and the compliance risks involved for Impressive Rail. It is quite obvious that there could be the regulatory and compliance risk to be taking place due to the safety policies and procedures are not properly developed which causes disturbance in the management of any company (Larson and Gray 2013). The safety legislations and the risks management requirements need to be aligned in order to identify and control the risks assessed by the top management of Impressive Rail. The improper development of the safety management systems could be the issue related with the compliance of managing and controlling the risks which is included in the risk management systems and the procedures as well. This section is summarizing the different types of issues which is involved with the rail operations in general as well in Australia. It also summarizes the issue which should be included in the development of the RMS so that the safety officer could be able to understand and evaluate the issues. Strategies developed in mitigating the issues The highly maintained tracks along with the equipments used for making the tracks are important. The next safety issue could be the facilities to be provided to the passengers during the travel. The passengers need the best of the facilities in order to prevent from any kind of uncanny situations as well the accidents. There is the development of the GPS system and the track change system to be installed in the drivers area inside the rains so that they can understand the route or the direction (Profillidis 2016). There is the need of using proper IT systems inside the trains and compartments so that it should be provided passenger safety (Sadgrove 2016). There is the need of installing fire extinguishers inside all the rain compartments in order to provide safety against fire (Qing et al. 2014). There is the proper alarm system to be installed inside the trains and speech recognition devices should be installed inside as well (Reason 2016). It is also important that there is the nee d of proper infrastructure and high condition of the tracks to be maintained in order to move the trains safely on the tracks. There is the need of analysis of the budgetary requirements to be done so that over budget should be eliminated for the new company as there might be huge los to be taken place if the money is not invested at the right place (Evans 2013). The mitigation of the OHS issue involves the use of the high visibility clothing, the safe working process used on tracks. It also involves the safety culture inventions to be developed. The use of the different symbols and the other trackers helps in providing occupational safety to them (Macchi et al 2012). The use of the clear signage and the use of the CCTV when provided staff training and the proper security services to be given by the company and this is included in the RMS for Impressive Rail. The mitigation for the regulatory and the compliance risk should include the proper development of the safety management procedures and systems so that the risks could be controlled and assessed (Haimes 2015). This section is summarizing the types of strategies which are going to be used by the company in RMS for elimination of the risks associated with the study. This also summarizes that the safety and the OHS issue is the highest concern for the rail operations in Australia. Conclusion From the study it is evident that this study is to develop a comprehensive risk management system which is useful in studying and assessing the types of business risks which a company should face off. This indicates the development of detailed risk management report presented it to the top management of the new company. It is concluded that Impressive Rail will be developing a comprehensive RMS by which they can be able to control and assess the risks associated with the rail operations in Australia. References Ershov, A. and Zavialova, O., 2017. The general conceptual approach in development system of risk management EurAsECcustoms. Evans, A.W., 2013. The economics of railway safety. Research in transportation economics, 43(1), pp.137-147. Freeman, J., Rakotonirainy, A., Stefanova, T. and McMaster, M., 2013. Understanding pedestrian behaviour at railway level crossings: is there a need for more research?. Road Transport Research: A Journal of Australian and New Zealand Research and Practice, 22(3), p.72. Glendon, A.I., Clarke, S. and McKenna, E., 2016. Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Haimes, Y.Y., 2015. Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Hopkin, P., 2017. Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013. Project management: The managerial process with MS project. McGraw-Hill. Loosemore, M., Raftery, J., Reilly, C. and Higgon, D., 2012. Risk management in projects. Routledge. Macchi, M., Garetti, M., Centrone, D., Fumagalli, L. and Pavirani, G.P., 2012. Maintenance management of railway infrastructures based on reliability analysis. Reliability Engineering System Safety, 104, pp.71-83. Mahboob, Q., Schne, E., Maschek, U. and Trinckauf, J., 2015. Investment into human risks in railways and decision optimization. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 21(5), pp.1299-1313. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015. Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Profillidis, V., 2016. Railway management and engineering. Routledge. Qing, L., Rengkui, L., Jun, Z. and Quanxin, S., 2014. Quality risk management model for railway construction projects. Procedia Engineering, 84, pp.195-203. Reason, J., 2016. Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge. Sadgrove, K., 2016. The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Van der Schaaf, T.W., Lucas, D.A. and Hale, A.R. eds., 2013. Near miss reporting as a safety tool. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Medicine and Health Medical Radiation Science Radiography

Question: Discuss about the Medicine and Health Medical Radiation Science Radiography. Answer: Introduction: As a second year student of radiography, I got placement in a radiography hospital. The hospital provides the service of general x ray. The building has two main entrances and an emergency entrance. As a new radiographer, I had to work under my mentor or senior supervisor. She guided me to handle difficult situation and taught me new techniques of radiography. My ward was at the second floor opposite to the lift. I was very excited and nervous to get the chance of working in that department and hospital. As a radiographer, I had the permission to use three computers for PACS, exposure and RIS. As I was new, the environment was very challenging for me and also very interesting. I did not know the rule and regulation of the department and hospital. As a result, I had to depend on my superiors. However, she made me understand the rules and regulations and also advised to carry a notebook to note down important points. She told me that I have to handle various kinds of patient and I shou ld be careful in my working. Professional and ethical conduct During working in that hospital, I had to work under my supervisor radiographer, caring for a seven year old vulnerable girl child. The child came with the fracture on the left leg. I started to pull down blind to check the problem with the consent of family members. The girl became angry and started to shout. I felt that I should ask her family member to pull down. However, the PACS image, I took was clear with the supervision of my superior as did not take such image earlier. I learnt about the ethical a professional conducts of radiography. My seniors suggest me to read books of ethical consideration of radiography. I came to know that in case of patient handling like vulnerable people; I should maintain the eye contact and behave more politely. I hope that in future, I will not be nervous and behave more professionally to handle such situation. Communication and collaboration I got a female aboriginal patient of 58 years with hypertension and chronic breathing problem. I decided to perform PA chest test and heart X-ray to check the position of heart. As she was aboriginal and I have English accent, there was a communication gap. I could not understand her words and she was also facing problems to communicate. I became nervous and asked the advice of the supervisor. She suggested me to hire an interpreter or use non verbal way of communication. I got my confidence back and chose to use non verbal way to communicate. Later, I noticed my seniors; how they handle such situation and noted down in my notebook. I learnt about different kinds of communication skills and will try to implement them in future work. I acted professionally with the patient with the help of my mentor. I started to use simple words instead of using jargons like to touch the board with their shoulder side and moving both foot pointing the toes towards me. I noted the simple phrases and k ept practicing to improve myself. Evidence based practice and professional learning I examined and reviewed fracture on right leg of a 60 years old man. As he was very aged so I acted very politely and checked him very carefully. I asked my superior to guide me but she has urgent patients so she just demonstrated me the procedure of taking PACS image. I was nervous as I did not know the procedure. The image was optimal. However, I asked patient to show me the pain area to understand the type of pain. I asked my supervisor to show me some PACS images but as she was in hurry, she could not. She suggested me to show those images later. I got the chance to check the PACS images and report soon clear my idea. However, I was quite happy as I learnt to take PACS images and handled an old aged patient very carefully without any complication. Radiation safety and risk management A 16 years old boy came with left ankle fracture to me and I checked up the legs very carefully before applying radiation. I applied the techniques of angling toes medially so that fifth toes can be perpendicular to middle of calcaneus. However, the image I got, was not very clear, it was optimal. To get a clear image, I had to apply more radiation to the patient that was unprofessional. I asked my supervisor about the precautions of lead effects and other factors of radiation. She advised me about the techniques of radiography and asked me to note all the important points.I tried to get attachment with other radiographers and note down the new techniques to develop my own techniques. My supervisor advised me to examine the patient very carefully at first before applying the harmful radiography. It may harm the young patient. Practice in Medical radiation science A 3 month lactating mother of 29 years old came with vertebral pain. The clinical report showed that she has doubt of spondylitis. For the first time, I got a patient with lactation so I decided to consult the supervisor. However, I knew about lead protection and appropriate collimation though I had doubt about the performance of the radiographer and justified risk vs. benefits with the application of ALARA principle. I carefully used lead gown and portable lead strand for extra protection. By fault I repeated the process which was wrong. The image quality was optimal. I decided to prepare checklist note in future about the beneficence vs. risk factors with the protocol, proper collimation, portable lead stand, lead gown, exposure screen check and examination properly. I learnt the technique and will be careful in future and noted the important points in my notebook. The positive side of the experience was that my communication skills developed. I explained the patient about the x-ra y procedure of figure rather than unnecessary extra doses.